பதிவுகள்
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பதிவுகள் சஞ்சிகை உலகின் பல்வேறு நாடுகள் பலவற்றில்
வாழும் தமிழ் மக்களால் வாசிக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. உங்கள் வியாபாரத்தை
சர்வதேசமயமாக்க பதிவுகளில் விளம்பரம் செய்யுங்கள். நியாயமான விளம்பரக் கட்டணம்.
விபரங்களுக்கு ngiri2704@rogers.com
என்னும் மின்னஞ்சல் முகவரிக்கு எழுதுங்கள்.
பதிவுகளில் வெளியாகும் விளம்பரங்களுக்கு
விளம்பரதாரர்களே பொறுப்பு. பதிவுகள் எந்த வகையிலும் பொறுப்பு அல்ல. வெளியாகும்
ஆக்கங்களை அனைத்துக்கும் அவற்றை ஆக்கியவர்களே பொறுப்பு. பதிவுகளல்ல. அவற்றில்
தெரிவிக்கப்படும் கருத்துகள் பதிவுகளின்கருத்துகளாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்பதில்லை.
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மணமக்கள்! |
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தமிழ்
எழுத்தாளர்களே!..
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அன்பான இணைய வாசகர்களே! 'பதிவுகள்' பற்றிய உங்கள் கருத்துகளை
வரவேற்கின்றோம். தாராளமாக எழுதி அனுப்புங்கள். 'பதிவுகளின் வெற்றி உங்கள்
ஆதரவிலேயே தங்கியுள்ளது. உங்கள் கருத்துகள் ப் பகுதியில் இணைய வாசகர்கள் நன்மை
கருதி பிரசுரிக்கப்படும். பதிவுகளிற்கு ஆக்கங்கள் அனுப்ப விரும்புவர்கள்
யூனிகோட் தமிழ் எழுத்தைப் பாவித்து மின்னஞ்சல்
ngiri2704@rogers.com
மூலம் அனுப்பி வைக்கவும். தபால் மூலம் வரும் ஆக்கங்கள் ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளப்
படமாட்டாதென்பதை வருத்தத்துடன் தெரிவித்துக் கொள்கின்றோம். மேலும் பதிவுக'ளிற்கு
ஆக்கங்கள் அனுப்புவோர் தங்களது சரியான மின்னஞ்சல் முகவரியினைக் குறிப்பிட்டு
அனுப்ப வேண்டும். முகவரி பிழையாகவிருக்கும் பட்சத்தில் ஆக்கங்கள் பிரசுரத்திற்கு
ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளப் படமாட்டாதென்பதை அறியத் தருகின்றோம். 'பதிவுக'ளின்
நோக்கங்களிலொன்று இணையத்தமிழை வளர்ப்பது. தமிழ் எழுத்துகளைப் பாவித்துப்
படைப்புகளை பதிவு செய்து மின்னஞ்சல் மூலம் அனுப்புவது அதற்கு முதற்படிதான். அதே
சமயம் அவ்வாறு அனுப்புவதன் மூலம் கணிணியின் பயனை, இணையத்தின் பயனை அனுப்புவர்
மட்டுமல்ல ஆசிரியரும் அடைந்து கொள்ள முடிகின்றது. 'பதிவுக'ளின் நிகழ்வுகள்
பகுதியில் தங்களது அமைப்புகள் அல்லது சங்கங்களின் விழாக்கள் போன்ற விபரங்களைப்
பதிவு செய்து கொள்ள விரும்புகின்றவர்கள் மின்னஞ்சல் மூலம் அல்லது
மேற்குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட முகவரிக்குக் கடிதங்கள் எழுதுவதன் மூலம் பதிவு செய்து
கொள்ளலாம். |
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Autobiography |
Thomas Mann
I
was born in Lübeck
on June 6, 1875, the second son of a
merchant and senator of the Free City,
Johann Heinrich Mann, and his wife Julia
da Silva Bruhns. My father was the
grandson and great-grandson of Lübeck
citizens, but my mother first saw the
light of day in Rio de Janeiro as the
daughter of a German plantation owner
and a Portuguese-Creole Brazilian. She
was taken to Germany at the age of
seven.
I was designated to take over my
father's grain firm, which commemorated
its centenary during my boyhood, and I
attended the science division of the
«Katharineum» at Lübeck. I loathed
school and up to the very end failed to
meet its requirements, owing to an
innate and paralyzing resistance to any
external demands, which I later learned
to correct only with great difficulty.
Whatever education I possess I acquired
in a free and autodidactic manner.
Official instruction failed to instill
in me any but the most rudimentary
knowledge.
When I was fifteen, my father died, a
comparatively young man. The firm was
liquidated. A little later my mother
left the town with the younger children
in order to settle in the south of
Germany, in Munich.
After finishing school rather
ingloriously, I followed her and for the
time being became a clerk in the office
of a Munich insurance company whose
director had been a friend of my
father's. Later, by way of preparing for
a career in journalism, I attended
lectures in history, economics, art
history, and literature at the
university and the polytechnic. In
between I spent a year in Italy with my
brother Heinrich, my elder by four
years. During this time my first
collection of short stories, Der kleine
Herr Friedemann (1898) [Little Herr
Friedemann], was published. In Rome, I
also began to write the novel
Buddenbrooks, which appeared in 1901 and
which since then has been such a
favourite with the German public that
today over a million copies of it are in
circulation.
There followed shorter stories,
collected in the volume Tristan (1903),
of which the North-South artist's
novella Tonio Kroger is usually
considered the most characteristic, and
also the Renaissance dialogues Fiorenza
(1906), a closet drama which, however,
has occasionally been staged.
In 1905 I married the daughter of Alfred
Pringsheim, who had the chair of
mathematics at the University of Munich.
On her mother's side my wife is the
granddaughter of Ernst and Hedwig Dohm,
the well-known Berlin journalist and his
wife, who played a leading role in the
German movement for women's
emancipation. From our marriage have
come six children: three girls, of whom
the eldest has gone into the theatre,
and three boys, of whom the eldest has
also devoted himself to literature.
The first literary fruit of my new
status was the novel Königliche Hoheit
(1909) [Royal Highness], a court story
that provides the frame for a psychology
of the formal-representative life and
for moral questions such as the
reconciliation of an aristocratic,
melancholic consciousness with the
demands of the community. Another
novelistic project followed, the
Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix
Krull (1922) [Confessions of Felix
Krull, Confidence Man]. It is based on
an idea of parody, that of taking an
element of venerable tradition, of the
Goethean, self-stylizing,
autobiographic, and aristocratic
confession, and translating it into the
sphere of the humorous and the criminal.
The novel has remained a fragment, but
there are connoisseurs who consider its
published sections my best and most
felicitous achievement. Perhaps it is
the most personal thing I have written,
for it represents my attitude toward
tradition, which is simultaneously
loving and destructive and has dominated
me as a writer.
In 1913 the novella Tod in Venedig
[Death in Venice] was published, which
beside Tonio Kroger is considered my
most valid achievement in that genre.
While I was writing its final sections I
conceived the idea of the
«Bildungsroman» Der Zauberberg (1924)
[The Magic Mountain], but work on it was
interrupted in the very beginning by the
war.
Although the war did not make any
immediate demands on me physically,
while it lasted it put a complete stop
to my artistic activity because it
forced me into an agonizing reappraisal
of my fundamental assumptions, a human
and intellectual self-inquiry that found
its condensation in Betrachtungen eines
Unpolitischen [Reflections of an
Unpolitical Man], published in 1918. Its
subject is the personally accented
problem of being German, the political
problem, treated in the spirit of a
polemical conservatism that underwent
many revisions as life went on. An
account of the development of my
socio-moral ideas is found in the
volumes of essays Rede und Antwort
(1922) [Question and Answer], Bemühungen
(1925) [Efforts], and Die Forderung des
Tages (1930) [Order of fhe Day].
Lecture tours abroad began immediately
after the borders of countries neutral
or hostile during the war had been
re-opened. They led me first to Holland,
Switzerland, and Denmark. The spring of
1923 saw a journey to Spain. In the
following year I was guest of honour of
the newly established PEN Club in
London; two years later I accepted an
invitation of the French branch of the
Carnegie Foundation, and I visited
Warsaw in 1927.
Meanwhile, in the autumn of 1924, after
many prolonged delays the two volumes of
Der Zauberberg were published. The
interest of the public, as revealed by
the hundred printings the book ran into
within a few years, proved that I had
chosen the most favourable moment to
come to the fore with this composition
of ideas epically conceived. The
problems of the novel did not
essentially appeal to the masses, but
they were of consuming interest to the
educated, and the distress of the times
had increased the receptivity of the
public to a degree that favoured my
product, which so wilfully played fast
and loose with the form of the novel.
Soon after the completion of the
Betrachtungen I added to my longer
narratives a prose idyll, the animal
story Herr und Hund (1919) [Bashan and
I]. Der Zauberberg was followed by a
bourgeois novella from the period of
revolution and inflation, Unordnung und
frühes Leid (1926) [Disorder and Early
Sorrow]; Mario und der Zauberer [Mario
and the Magician], written in 1929, is
for the time being my last attempt at
compositions of this size. It was
written during my work on a new novel
which in subject matter and intention is
far different from all earlier works,
for it leaves behind the bourgeois
individual sphere and enters into that
of the past and myth. The Biblical story
for which the title Joseph und seine
Brüder is planned, and of which
individual sections have been made known
through public readings and publications
in journals, seems about half completed.
A study trip connected with it led me to
Egypt and Palestine in
February-March-April, 1930.
Ever since his early days the author of
this biographical sketch has been
encouraged in his endeavours by the kind
interest of his fellow men as well as by
official honours. An example is the
conferment of an honorary doctor's
degree by the University of Bonn in
1919; and, to satisfy the German delight
in title, the Senate of Lübeck, my home
town, added the title of professor on
the occasion of a city anniversary. I am
one of the first members, nominated by
the state itself, of the new literary
division of the Prussian Academy of
Arts; my fiftieth birthday was
accompanied by expressions of public
affection that I can remember only with
emotion, and the summit of all these
distinctions has been the award of the
Nobel Prize in Literature by the Swedish
Academy last year. But I may say that no
turmoil of success has ever dimmed the
clear apprehension of the relativity of
my deserts or even for a moment dulled
the edge of my self-criticism. The value
and significance of my work for
posterity may safely be left to the
future; for me they are nothing but the
personal traces of a life led
consciously, that is, conscientiously.
Biographical
note on Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann (1875-1955) moved to
Switzerland in 1933 shortly after the
Nazis had come to power and begun a
campaign of abuse against him. He was
formally expatriated in 1936. In 1937
the University of Bonn deprived him of
his honorary doctorate (restored in
1946), which aroused Mann to a famous
and moving reply in which he epitomized
the situation of the German writer in
exile. Mann, who had anticipated and
warned against the rise of fascism
during the Weimar Republic (e.g., in
Mario and the Magician), continued to
combat it in many pamphlets and talks
throughout the period of the Nazi regime
and the Second World War. He became an
American citizen in 1940 and, from 1941
to 1953, lived in Santa Monica,
California. After the war he frequently
revisited Europe: in 1949 he received
the Goethe Prizes of Weimar (East
Germany) and Frankfurt (West Germany),
but when he finally returned to Europe
he settled near Zürich, where he died in
1955.
Among the chief works of Mann's later
years are the novels Lotte in Weimar
(1939) [The Beloved Returns], in which
the fictional account of a meeting of
the lovers of Werther grown old provides
the framework for a psychologically and
technically ingenious portrait of the
old Goethe; Joseph und seine Brüder
(1933-43) [Joseph and his Brothers], a
version of the Old Testament story which
interweaves myth and psychology; and Dr.
Faustus (1947), the story of an artist
who chooses to pay with self-destruction
for the powers of genius, a fate that
echoes the last days of the Third Reich;
the collections of essays Leiden und
Grösse der Meister (1935)[ Suffering and
Greatness of the Masters]; and the essay
on Schiller, Versuch über Schiller
(1955). A complete edition of his works
in twelve volumes was published in
Berlin (1956) and in Frankfurt (1960).
From Nobel Lectures, Literature
1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier
Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969
This autobiography/biography was written
at the time of the award and first
published in the book series Les Prix
Nobel. It was later edited and
republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite
this document, always state the source
as shown above
Courtesy:
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1929/mann-autobio.html
From Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann
The Magic Mountain:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Magic_Mountain
Buddenbrooks:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddenbrooks
A Companion to Thomas
Mann's Magic Mountain ...Read
More ..
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