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பதிவுகள்
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பதிவுகள் சஞ்சிகை உலகின் பல்வேறு நாடுகள் பலவற்றில்
வாழும் தமிழ் மக்களால் வாசிக்கப்பட்டு வருகிறது. உங்கள் வியாபாரத்தை
சர்வதேசமயமாக்க பதிவுகளில் விளம்பரம் செய்யுங்கள். நியாயமான விளம்பரக் கட்டணம்.
விபரங்களுக்கு ngiri2704@rogers.com
என்னும் மின்னஞ்சல் முகவரிக்கு எழுதுங்கள்.
பதிவுகளில் வெளியாகும் விளம்பரங்களுக்கு
விளம்பரதாரர்களே பொறுப்பு. பதிவுகள் எந்த வகையிலும் பொறுப்பு அல்ல. வெளியாகும்
ஆக்கங்களை அனைத்துக்கும் அவற்றை ஆக்கியவர்களே பொறுப்பு. பதிவுகளல்ல. அவற்றில்
தெரிவிக்கப்படும் கருத்துகள் பதிவுகளின்கருத்துகளாக இருக்க வேண்டுமென்பதில்லை.
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மணமக்கள்! |
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தமிழ்
எழுத்தாளர்களே!..
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அன்பான இணைய வாசகர்களே! 'பதிவுகள்' பற்றிய உங்கள் கருத்துகளை
வரவேற்கின்றோம். தாராளமாக எழுதி அனுப்புங்கள். 'பதிவுகளின் வெற்றி உங்கள்
ஆதரவிலேயே தங்கியுள்ளது. உங்கள் கருத்துகள் ப் பகுதியில் இணைய வாசகர்கள் நன்மை
கருதி பிரசுரிக்கப்படும். பதிவுகளிற்கு ஆக்கங்கள் அனுப்ப விரும்புவர்கள்
யூனிகோட் தமிழ் எழுத்தைப் பாவித்து மின்னஞ்சல்
ngiri2704@rogers.com
மூலம் அனுப்பி வைக்கவும். தபால் மூலம் வரும் ஆக்கங்கள் ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளப்
படமாட்டாதென்பதை வருத்தத்துடன் தெரிவித்துக் கொள்கின்றோம். மேலும் பதிவுக'ளிற்கு
ஆக்கங்கள் அனுப்புவோர் தங்களது சரியான மின்னஞ்சல் முகவரியினைக் குறிப்பிட்டு
அனுப்ப வேண்டும். முகவரி பிழையாகவிருக்கும் பட்சத்தில் ஆக்கங்கள் பிரசுரத்திற்கு
ஏற்றுக் கொள்ளப் படமாட்டாதென்பதை அறியத் தருகின்றோம். 'பதிவுக'ளின்
நோக்கங்களிலொன்று இணையத்தமிழை வளர்ப்பது. தமிழ் எழுத்துகளைப் பாவித்துப்
படைப்புகளை பதிவு செய்து மின்னஞ்சல் மூலம் அனுப்புவது அதற்கு முதற்படிதான். அதே
சமயம் அவ்வாறு அனுப்புவதன் மூலம் கணிணியின் பயனை, இணையத்தின் பயனை அனுப்புவர்
மட்டுமல்ல ஆசிரியரும் அடைந்து கொள்ள முடிகின்றது. 'பதிவுக'ளின் நிகழ்வுகள்
பகுதியில் தங்களது அமைப்புகள் அல்லது சங்கங்களின் விழாக்கள் போன்ற விபரங்களைப்
பதிவு செய்து கொள்ள விரும்புகின்றவர்கள் மின்னஞ்சல் மூலம் அல்லது
மேற்குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட முகவரிக்குக் கடிதங்கள் எழுதுவதன் மூலம் பதிவு செய்து
கொள்ளலாம். |
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POLITICS! |
REF: TIC Statement
Date: 25 December 2007
Sri Lanka: Human rights defenders need stronger
International support and protection
 The
Tamil Information Centre (TIC) is extremely concerned over the plight of human
rights defenders in Sri Lanka, who are facing persecution and threats to life
from government authorities. In recent years, the number of reported attacks
on human rights defenders has increased dramatically in the island, requiring
urgent intervention by the international community. The latest victims are
three Members of Parliament
Mano Ganeshan, leader of the Western People's Front (WPF), N Sri Kantha, MP of
the Tamil National Alliance (TNA) and T Maheswaran, MP
of the United National Party (UNP). Mr Ganeshan is also a founder member of
the independent Civil Monitoring Commission (CMC), which has been actively
campaigning against government-inspired abductions, killings and
disappearances. The Ministerial Security Divisions, which assigns security to
MPs comes under Defence Secretary Gotabhaya Rajapakse, the President's
brother. Mr Ganeshan has been receiving death threats for several months. The
Chairperson of the CMC Siritunga Jayasuriya narrowly escaped physical injury
when government inspired armed thugs attacked a peace rally organized in
Colombo by the CMC in January 2007. Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) leader
Rauf Hakeem's
security was removed after he blamed the police Special Task Force for the
massacre of eleven Muslims in Pottuvil in September 2006.
Reduction of security
The Sri Lankan government has drastically reduced the number of security
personnel provided to these three MPs, exposing them to danger.
This is not the first time the government has taken such a measure. It has
reduced the security of others opposing government measures or
exposing government corruption, so that its own henchmen or agencies could
deal with them easily. When the Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC)
withdrew support in Parliament in August 2007, the government withdrew the
security provided to the CWC members. In the same month, the
government reduced the security of Sunday Times journalist Iqbal Athas after
he exposed high-level corruption in government involving defence
purchases.
Shrinking liberal space
Human rights defenders, journalists and even MPs have been threatened with
death or other physical harm to force to keep quiet or abandon the cause they
are pursuing. 'The threats and pressure come from government ministers and
from persons linked to high government authorities' says a Tamil MP, who has
been subjected to threats, intimidation and false allegation by senior
government and security force officers.
Sri Lankan human rights defenders say that liberal space for expression of
opinion has shrunk substantially and they are increasingly exposed to death
threats and attacks. They are facing severe retaliatory measures over struggle
against abuse of authority, breach of the rule of law, corruption and
impunity. These human rights defenders include journalists, writers,
academics, NGO staff, religious leaders, lawyers, members of professional
bodies and MPs. They include women and men in rural or urban areas and from
various social backgrounds. They have been
actively involved in highlighting human rights violations, including arbitrary
arrest and illegal detention, torture, disappearance, murder, as well as
repression of women and the minorities.
Information received by the TIC indicates that the persons most at risk of
abuse in Sri Lanka are human rights defenders who:
persistently criticize the warring parties for human rights violations; reveal
the links of politicians with the police officers and armed gangs who are
involved in human rights abuses; reveal corruption involving members of the
ruling administration and law enforcement officers; reveal abuses against
minorities;
Government responsibility and defenders' role
Governments have responsibility for ensuring the promotion and protection of
human rights. Domestic implementation of human rights standards largely
depends on the ability of individuals and groups to promote and protect human
rights and to pressure their governments to live up to their legal
obligations. By documenting and exposing human rights violations and holding
governments accountable, by seeking remedies for victims and educating
populations on their human rights, these individuals - the human rights
defenders - play a crucial role in combating
violations and improving human rights situations.
The international community has repeatedly acknowledged the vital role of
human rights defenders in the implementation of human rights on the domestic
level. International monitoring mechanisms, such as the Special Procedures of
the Human Rights Council and the UN Treaty Bodies, often rely heavily on the
findings of local and national human rights activists in their assessment of
domestic human rights conditions. Both the UN Secretary General and the High
Commissioner for Human Rights have repeatedly expressed their strong support
and admiration of the work
of human rights defenders.
Successive governments against defenders
Successive governments in Sri Lanka, however, have encouraged, instigated or
directly involved in abuses against human rights defenders. Sri Lankan
governments have usually dismissed any criticism of their human rights record
as an attempt by the opposition and foreigners with ulterior motives to
discredit them. In this manner, they have not only conveniently sought to
absolve themselves of their responsibility to address human rights violations,
but have also become the biggest violator of human rights. In the case of the
current Rajapakse administration, despite
the fact that President Mahinda Rajapakse himself was a human rights defender
at one time, there seems to be a planned and coordinated offensive against
human rights defenders. The insident involving Mr Ganesan is a clear
demonstration of the systematic failure of the State to protect human rights
defenders and to prevent abuses against them.
The chronic deep-rooted political polarisation in the island is the matrix for
human rights violations, which has split the society into various factions,
such as, pro-government, anti-government, pro-LTTE and anti-LTTE. This
division has had deep deleterious impact on the civil society and has
particularly affected human rights defenders. Poor governance, corruption,
nepotism, severe political tension in the country and lack of accountability
remain the main facilitators of human rights abuses.
Threats and intimidation
Hundreds of human rights defenders have received death threats and many of
them have been attacked. Many have left their homes and localities in the face
of continued threats and many others have fled the country. Agents of the
State including the police, army, and other law enforcement agencies, for whom
successive governments of Sri Lanka have been directly accountable, have
continued to perpetrate violations against human rights defenders. Human
rights defenders in the north-east are often followed everywhere for many days
by black uniformed masked persons on motorcycles without number plates. These
masked persons also hang around the officers and homes of human rights
defenders, sometimes for several days. Often relatives of the human rights
defenders are arrested or abducted. In Jaffna, the freedom of movement of
human rights defenders is extremely restricted. They are often denied travel
permits and forced to stay indoors.
TIC has received reports that New Left Front leader Dr Wickramabahu
Karunaratne and veteran film maker Dharmasiri Bandaranayake have
been subjected to threat and intimidation for their forthright and unswerving
stand on the conflict in Sri Lanka.
Methods against defenders
The intelligence services and other shadowy groups operated by senior
government officers are also resposible for abuses. These violations are
mainly arbitrary arrest, torture, disappearances and murder. They also include
the following:
Continued harassment of human rights defenders through the filing cases
against them on unsubstantiated criminal accusations; Visiting them at night
and threatening them with death or serious bodily harm; Telling them that
their spouse and children will be killed or abducted; Using abusive language
against them;
Telephoning spouses and threatening them; Following them in unmarked
motorcycles to work and other places; Arriving in vehicles and waiting outside
the home or office, sometimes for several days; Sending them death threat
letters and parcels containing bullets; Policemen from the Criminal
Investigation Department (CID) ransacking the house on the pretext of search;
Denying human rights defenders access to scenes of incidents; Publishing
inflammatory messages in newspapers; Making spouses to attend enquiries by
providing false information;
Forcing human rights defenders or spouses to attend enquiries repeatedly;
Withholding identity cards, thus preventing their movement and forcing to
remain in their homes; Phone tapping Demanding them to provide their mobile
telephone numbers; Withdrawing or reducing the number of security officers for
MPs and others, making them vulnerable to attacks.
Other perpetrators of abuses against human rights defenders are the LTTE,
paramilitary groups operating with the security forces, individuals or groups
linked to armed criminal gangs, parties of the ruling coalition or the
opposition, and mercenary gangs hired by local politicians to suppress
revelations about their unlawful activities. Abuses committed by these groups
include death threats and physical attacks against human rights defenders.
Humanitarian workers under attack
Between January 2006 and September 2007, at least 57 humanitarian workers were
killed in Sri Lanka, including 17 workers of the French agency Action Contre
la Faim in Trincomalee in August 2006. In many of the killings, government
agencies, security forces or government- aligned paramilitaries are suspected
to be involved. The government has failed to carry out proper investigations
in any of the cases. In some cases such as the Action Contre la Faim killings,
regarding which the Sri Lankan Monitoring Mission (SLMM) said that the
�Security Forces of
Sri Lanka are widely and consistently deemed to be responsible for the
incident�, the government actively sought to prevent any investigation. After
these killings, three UN experts said as follows:[1]
The deliberate targeting of humanitarian workers is a serious violation of the
basic principles of international human rights and humanitarian law and the
Declaration of Human Rights Defenders. Humanitarian workers serve every day as
implementing partners for UN agencies. They deliver and distribute food,
water, medicine, clothing and other material assistance. They provide medical
care and psychological support for victims of sexual violence and other
trauma. They help transport people when they are ready to return home.
Humanitarian workers are, without question, human rights defenders who help
people stay alive during times of conflict. Without them, especially in times
of conflict, many more civilians
would be vulnerable to violations of their civil, cultural, economic,
political and social rights such as their right to life, physical integrity,
liberty, food, health and adequate housing. In the face of that reality, the
responsibility of the Government to extend effective protection to
humanitarian workers is heightened.
Sri Lanka Red Cross Society worker S Thavarajah (43) was abducted by
unidentified gunmen from his home in Jaffna town and his body was found on 16
December 2007. The offices of the Tamils Rehabilitation Organization (TRO), in
Colombo and government-controlled areas of Vavuniya and Trincomalee in the
north-east were searched in January 2007 by the police and all documents,
project files and computers were seized. The Trincomalee office was also
attacked and ransacked. Seven TRO workers were abducted and murdered by
paramilitaries working with army on 29 and 30 January 2006 near
government-controlled Welikande in the eastern province. Filipino aid worker
Antonio Villeomour of
the US agency Mercy Corps, was shot and wounded in Trincomalee on 14 June 2007
in an area heavily guarded by the Sri Lankan navy. A Tamil staff member of the
Danish Demining Group (DDG) in Jaffna was shot dead in August 2007. Steen
Wetlesen, country programme manager of the DDG said that four staff members
travelling to work motorcycles were chased by three people also on motorbikes
and fired upon. He also said that four other DDG staff had disappeared in the
past two years.
NGOs under attack
NGOs maintaining a position independent of the government in defense of human
rights have also been frequently harassed and attacked. They have come under
severe pressure from the Sri Lankan government as well as the LTTE and the
paramilitary groups. After fighting resumed between government forces and the
LTTE, the Sri Lankan government enforced new controls on foreign aid workers
and ordered all local and foreign non-government organisations immediately
obtain permits. In October 2006, the government decided to withdraw the visas
issued to
members of four international NGOs � MSS France, MSS Spain, MDM France and
Doctors of the World USA � on the recommendations of the Parliamentary Select
Committee, alleging that they supported the LTTE. Government members and
government allies such as the People's Liberation Front (JVP) are continue
verbal attacks against NGOs alleging that they are a threat to national
security. The Parliamentary Select Committee was mandated to investigate
activities of NGOs �inimical to the sovereignty and integrity of Sri Lanka�
and �that adversely affect Sri Lanka�, despite the statement of the UN Special
Representative on Human Rights Defenders that �only an independent judicial
body should be given authority to review an organization�s purpose and
determine whether it is in breach of existing laws�.[2]
French medical agency, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), working in the
north-east for the past 17 years, withdrew from Jaffna in October 2006. MSF
took the decision after the Sri Lankan media referred to MSF as a �threat to
national security� and on receiving letters from the government cancelling
visas of staff saying that the agency was under investigation. Defence
Secretary Gotabhaya Rajapaksa, allegedly threatened Daily Mirror editor
Champika Liyanarachchi on 17 April 2007, after the newspaper published an
article accusing the Thamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal Party (TMVP) of
operating with weapons in government-controlled areas while law enforcement
authorities turned a blind eye.
On 20 April 2007, the Colombo-based Consortium of Humanitarian Agencies (CHA)
received a threat from TMVP.
Freedom of expression under attack
During the past two years twelve media personnel have been killed in Sri
Lanka. President Rajapakse, Defence Secretary Gotabhaya Rajapakse and the army
commander have summoned meetings of media representatives on several occasions
to warn them against criticizing the war on the grounds that it will affect
national security and the morale of the security forces. The Uthayan newspaper
which reports the conditions of ordinary people in government-controlled
Jaffna has lost five jounalists. Sampath Lakmal de Silva, who specialized in
defence issues, was abducted and murdered in Colombo on 2 July 2006. An
International Fact-Finding Mission to Sri Lanka in June 2007 issued the
following statement[3]:
�Safety issues are more important than at any stage in the last 18 months and
there are numerous examples of journalists being killed, arrested, assaulted,
kidnapped, denounced as traitors or receiving death threats. LTTE, security
forces and paramilitary groups have all been accused of carrying out such
press freedom violations. Once again, it is the Tamil media in the north and
east that confront the major part of these problems, although there have been
increasing instances in Colombo.
Members of Government have endangered the lives of media workers by insulting
them or applying other invectives. The Health Minister called the media
�rabid,� while other Ministers and the Defence Secretary have insulted and
openly threatened media workers.�
Attacks on and harassment of the media have continued despite this
observation. Anuruddha Lokuhapuarachchi, Reuters photographer and journalist,
Rohitha Bhasana Abeywardana, a freelance reporter, and S. Rajkumar, president
of the Sri Lanka Tamil Media Alliance have fled the country after receiving
death threats. The Karuna group, which operates with the army, has banned the
distribution of the Colombo-based Tamil newspapers Virakesari and Thinakkural
in the eastern district of Batticaloa. Following repeated protests by students
in Jaffna against abduction of young people, the Sri Lanka army stormed
offices of Thinakkural, Uthayan and Valampuri newspapers on 9 January 2007 and
ordered staff not
to publish reports by the Jaffna University Student Union. K.C. Saranga, a
programmer for Derana TV, was severely beaten on 15 January 2007 by a mob in
the Colombo suburb of Dehiwela and a video film on an operation by STF
commandos in the Eastern Province was seized from him. Thanikasalam
Sarirooban, a trainee journalist with the Daily Mirror, was shot dead by
gunmen on a motorcycle on 2 August 2007, a day after journalism student
Sahadevan Nilakshan was gunned down inside his home. In August, Nadarajah
Kuruparan, a news programmer at Sooriyan FM television, was abducted and
released 24 hours later. His abductors warned him to stop showing a programme
that exposed the
abuse suffered by the Tamil minority community. Sinnathamby Sivamaharajah,
editor of the Tamil-language daily Namathu Eelanadu was shot dead by gunmen at
his home at Tellippalai, Jaffna on 21 August 2007.
The office of the Sunday Leader newspaper which is an outspoken critic of the
government was burned on 21 November 2007. The fact that some 15 perpetrators
were able to pass security force checkpoints easily and escape, is an
indication that they were linked to the government.
Trade unions under attack
Trade unions and trade union rights are also under attack in Sri Lanka. In
February 2007, the Sri Lankan government admitted that the abduction of a
railway trade union activist Nihal Serasinghe and two journalists Sisira
Priyankara and Lalith Seneviratne in Colombo was carried out by the army. The
government claimed that they were arrested, but none the procedures for
arrests was followed. After the trade unions protested about the arrests,
posters depicting trade union leaders as terrorist operatives sprung up in
many places calling for their arrest. A campaign in the government media was
also launched to discredit trade unionists. After the Sri Lanka Ports
Authority (SLPA), which is under the Ministry of Ports, and the Minister of
Ports refused to negotiate on wages and benefits, 14 port trade unions
representing 14,000 port workers decided to launch industrial action in March
2007. The Supreme Court, on a petition filed by an employer organization Joint
Apparel Association Forum (JAAF) claiming that the trade union action
constituted an infringement of their right to lawful occupation, issued a
restraining order on 25
July 2007 forbidding the trade union actions until 27 November 2007 and
ordered the police and military to take immediate steps to ensure the trade
unions complied with the decision. The International Labour Organisation (ILO)
in its November 2007 Governing Body session held the view that the restriction
placed on the port-workers by the Supreme Court is contrary to the principles
set out in the ILO Conventions that Sri Lanka has ratified and pledged to
uphold.
Sri Lanka Constitution and international instruments
The Sri Lankan Constitution guarantees the freedom of thought and conscience
and religion (Article 10), freedom speech and expression including publication
[Article 14 (1) (a)], freedom of peaceful assemly [Article 14 (1) (b)],
freedom of association [Article 14 (1) c)] and the frredom to form and join a
trade union [Article 14 (1) (d)]. The Constitution also provides guarantees of
equality before the law [Article 12 (1)], prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth [Article 12 (2) &
(3)], equality of opportunity in public
employment [Article 12 (2)] , right to protection of the law [Article 12 (1)],
personal liberty [Article 13], safeguards with regard to arrest and detention
[Article 13], safeguards against unfair trials [Article 13], the right to
freedom of movement [Article 14 (h)] and the freedom of profession or
occupation [Article 14 (g)].
Sri Lanka is a signatory to a number of international human rights instruments
that set out the human rights standards for the protection of the rights of
human rights defenders. Some of these are, the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the
Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination, and the
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or
Punishment. The Declaration on Human Rights Defenders reiterates safeguards to
be implemented to protect the rights of human rights defenders and the
following articles are relevant:[4]
Article 1 of the Declaration states that �Everyone has the right, individually
and in association with others, to promote and to strive for the protection
and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and
international levels� and Article 9.1 says that �In the exercise of human
rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of
human rights as referred to in the present Declaration, everyone has the
right, individually and in association with others, to benefit from an
effective remedy and to be protected in the event of the violation of those
rights�. Article 12 of the Declaration is particualrly relevant:
12 (1). Everyone has the right, individually and in association with others,
to participate in peaceful activities against violations of human rights and
fundamental freedoms.
2. The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection by the
competent authorities of everyone, individually and in association with
others, against any violence, threats, retaliation, de facto or de jure
adverse discrimination, pressure or any other arbitrary action as a
consequence of his or her legitimate exercise of the rights referred to in the
present Declaration.
3. In this connection, everyone is entitled, individually and in association
with others, to be protected effectively under national law in reacting
against or opposing, through peaceful means, activities and acts, including
those by omission, attributable to states that result in violations of human
rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as acts of violence perpetrated by
groups or individuals that affect the enjoyment of human rights and
fundamental freedoms.
Hostile Supreme Court
Human rights defenders are attacked from all sides and they have no one to
turned to for protection. The courts, particularly the Supreme Court, are
hostile to the defenders. The Chief Justice himself has threatened human
rights defenders during court proceedings, that he would suitably deal with
them if they brought human rights cases before the Supreme Court against the
security forces. As already pointed out by the Tamil Information Centre (TIC)
the human rights situation in Sri Lanka has deteriorated to such an extent and
the government is unwilling to
listen to the international community�s plea to punish offenders, protect
defenders and improve human rights in the island, that the Sri Lankan Human
Rights Commission was downgraded recently by the International Co-ordinating
Committee of National Human Rights Institutions (ICC)[5] and the International
Independent Group of Eminent Persons (IIGEP), invited by the Sri Lankan
government to act as observers of the activities of the Presidential
Commission investigating alleged abductions, disappearances and extra judicial
killings, has decided not to accept the 2008 extension of its mandate to
continue operations in Sri Lanka.[6][7]
TIC urges the Government of Sri Lanka to bring to an end a cycle of cumulative
disregard for human rights in general and for abuses against human rights
defenders in particular and to accept the offer of the international community
to establish a human rights monitoring mechanism. The TIC is also calling upon
all political parties and non-state parties in the island to provide active
support towards the fulfillment of this goal.
[1] Independent experts express serious concern over the escalation of
violence in Sri Lanka, Statement of the Special Representative of the
Secretary-General on Human Rights Defenders, Hina Jilani; the Special
Rapporteur on extrajudicial, arbitrary and summary executions, Philip Alston;
and the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Jean Ziegler, 11 August 2006,
UN Office at Geneva -
http://www.unog.ch/unog/website
[2] Report of Hina Jilani, UN Secretary General�s Special Representative on
Human Rights Defenders to the 59th session of the UN General Assembly, 1
October 2004, A/59/401 � http://daccessdds.un.org
[3] The International Fact-Finding and Advocacy Mission to Sri Lanka visited
the island from 9 to 11 October 2006. The Mission returned to Sri Lanka from
17 to 23 June 2007 and included the International Federation of Journalists,
International Media Support, International Press Institute, South Asia Media
Commission and Reporters Sans Frontieres. � www.rsf.org
[4] Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and
Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights
and Fundamental Freedoms, General Assembly resolution 53/144, 85th plenary
meeting, 9 December 1998
[5] See TIC statement Sri Lanka: National Human Rights Commission downgraded
for failure in human rights responsibilities, 18 December 2007
[6] The International Independent Group of Eminent Persons (IIGEP) consists of
Justice P N Bhagwati (India) (Chairman), Professor Yozo Yokota (Japan), Judge
Jean-Pierre Cot (France), Arthur E Gene Dewey (USA), Marzuki Darusman
(Indonesia), Professor Ivan Shearer (Australia), Dr Kamal Hossain
(Bangladesh), Professor Bruce Matthews (Canada), Andreas Mavrommatis (Cyprus),
Professor Sir Nigel Rodley (UK) and Professor Cees Fasseur (Netherlands).
[7] Interview of Devanesan Nesiah, 23 December 2007 -Deepam Television
Tamil Information Centre
Thulasi
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KT2 6PZ
Tel: +44 (0) 208 546 1560
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